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The wrecked Guardian computer should of course be shown. It doesn’t matter whether you are pro- or anti-Snowden; what happened in the basement of the Guardian’s office in 2013 is a most important event in contemporary political and media history, this artefact is pure matter, and material stuff as such doesn’t take sides. (And that said, why are museums so afraid of taking sides?)However, I wished they had displayed the footage of the destruction (with sound) along with the computer parts. The juxtaposition of the drilling machine and the material remains is amazingly evocative. It almost makes you feel the burning smell of the hard disk. Today’s version of Fahrenheit 451 as absurd comical theatre!Thomas Söderqvist is Director of the Medical Museion and Professor in History of Medicine at the University of Copenhagen.
Making the ‘Snowden’ computer an exhibit at the V&A is significant. This is not because it displays the actual machine to the public for the first time, but because its display says more about what isn’t there, than what is. The fact that the computer has been smashed up means that the controversial data it once held can’t now be retrieved, even if it remains accessible elsewhere.This object’s cultural value comes from what has gone, not what is still there. It crystallises the political context of the act of destruction, and reminds us that sometimes the things that aren’t visible say more about our society than those that are.Tilly Blyth is Keeper of Technologies and Engineering at the Science Museum and curator of their new Information Age gallery.

The world’s greatest museum of art and design holds numerous incomplete or partially destroyed objects in its collection: sculptures and paintings defaced or damaged through various forms and periods of iconoclasm, most obviously. It also holds several exquisitely designed Apple products, including a 1992 PowerBook 180, a 1998 iMac G3, and a 2010 iPad, all complete, and in the case of the iPad, unused.Destroying this particular laptop may not have destroyed The Guardian’s data, but it was far from a meaningless action, all of which makes the display of the broken object so powerful as a permanent record of the action. How to curate and conserve hardware, software and data for perpetuity is a major question for museums and archives right now: reduced to mere material fragments, if the MacBook Air does end up in the V&A’s permanent collection, it will be comparatively straightforward to care for, at least. What to do with that 2010 iPad when the operating system becomes unavailable, however, is another matter…Nicky Reeves is curator of scientific and medical history collections at The Hunterian, University of Glasgow.

In an exhibition designed to get you thinking about the role of design in public life, what could be more symbolic than a MacBook. It is impossible to move in London these days without stumbling over someone using a piece of Apple technology, and there’s something fascinating about this willing adoption of a herd identity created through supremely successful branding. Apple design and Apple functionality will be crucial for any art historian of the future seeking to understand our era, just as the symbols and structures of meaning behind the Civil War or Reformation are for 16th- and 17th-century objects.There is, therefore, an interesting act of iconoclasm tied up in the totally symbolic destruction of Snowden’s laptop, when the contents were known to be duplicated elsewhere. It seems partly an attack on the ubiquitous power of stylish, complex technology in ordinary people’s hands.
The term commonly used in museums and, more frequently, in the antiques trade to describe an object whose appearance has been deliberately compromised, so as to make it more interesting or desirable, or to give it a false appearance of age, is ‘distressed’.

The Snowden computer was not damaged with the aim of making it more interesting to look at, but curiously this is just what has happened. It would surely never have been displayed in a major museum – or at least not with this speed – had it not been deliberately damaged in the way it was. In effect, the act was a ‘distressing’.The range of meanings of ‘distress’ almost all include the notion of an extremity or severity of anxiety or coercion and, as in the present case, when a display ensues, we have a ‘distress signal’.Jim Bennett is the former Director of the Museum of the History of Science, University of Oxford.[This post was edited at 09:38 BST to correct the first sentence, which had misleadingly implied that the laptop had belonged to Snowden, to change the sub-header for Thomas Söderqvist’s section and to fix the link included there. It was edited at 21:09 BST to add the contribution from Jim Bennett.]A man was on the run at Munich airport tonight after traces of explosive were reportedly to have been found on the laptop computer he was carrying as hand luggage.Initial police reports said the man fled after security controllers asked to re-examine his laptop when they suspected it contained explosive substances.Initial reports said the laptop had been seized, but police later said the man had fled with it in his possession.Terminal two of Munich airport was cleared of staff and passengers, who were checked before being allowed to leave.Passengers were forced to disembark from planes waiting on the runway and 60 flights were either delayed or cancelled.Around 200 police officers were sent into the secured area to search for the man.

Later, a police spokesman said it could not be ruled out that the security alarm may have been triggered by a man who was late for his plane and whose luggage contained other chemical substances, such as perfumes, which could have resembled explosives.It does not necessarily mean that he was carrying explosives, Albert Poerschke, a police spokesman, said.He might have been in a hurry to catch his plane, which is why he ran away. If he was rushing, he might not have registered what was happening.Police were still looking for the man three and a half hours after he had fled.The incident began at 3.40pm when the man was going through the Schengen security area, where passports are not required to be shown. He was apparently carrying only hand luggage.Munich airport is Germany’s second busiest, with around 25 million passengers departing from it every year.Airports across the world have been on heightened alert since Christmas Day, when a man tried to blow up a flight from Amsterdam to Detroit.The remains of computers used to store top-secret documents leaked by the NSA whistleblower Edward Snowden, which were symbolically destroyed by Guardian editors while being watched by GCHQ representatives, are to be displayed at the V&A.The smashed MacBook Air and Western Digital hard drive are to be part of a large exhibition staged across the V&A in the spring and summer asking questions around the role of museums in society.The laptop and drive were destroyed using angle grinders and drills on the insistence of the prime minister, David Cameron.The Guardian editor, Alan Rusbridger, described their destruction as “a peculiarly pointless piece of symbolism,” given the newspaper had told the government it held copies of the data overseas.

Kieran Long, senior curator of contemporary architecture, design and digital at the V&A, admitted the museum had discussed whether it was straying too far into politics or side-taking by displaying the wrecked equipment.The decision was helped along when a senior colleague, a medieval scholar, pointed out that the V&A had objects deliberately destroyed in the Reformation and the English civil war which were preserved for their damage and the story they told without the museum having to take sides. “I could have kissed him,” Long said.The laptop and its components will be loaned by the Guardian with “conversations continuing” as to whether it becomes a permanent acquisition or remains in the Guardian’s own archive.It will be a pivotal part of a display, called Ways to be Secret, of hi-tech devices that raise questions about our privacy. It will include a selfie stick, a USB condom, a Fitbit Surge and a Cyborg Unplug, described as an “anti-wireless surveillance system for the home and workplace”.

The display is part of a much larger project called All of This Belongs to You, a free series of of displays, installations and events which explore the role of public institutions in contemporary life and the idea of a museum as a public space.Long said the show was a big deal for the V&A and would thread through almost every gallery, deliberately coinciding with the general election on 7 May.“I see the V&A itself, this amazing building in this amazing place, completely continuous with the public realm … we’re part of the democratic and municipal infrastructure so we wanted to offer up the spaces in a new way during this time of public debate.”There will be four site-specific installations, including one by the London-based art and architecture practice muf. They will be based in the museum’s medieval and renaissance galleries and will challenge notions about the space by hosting activities such as English language lessons for female refugees. Or there could be a wake or a creche.There will be three displays, one of which is called Civic Objects. The idea is to place objects which illustrate the close relationship between design and public life around the V&A’s galleries – so a steel security bollard used at the London 2012 Olympics, designed to stop a fully loaded articulated lorry going at 40mph in its tracks, will be in the ironwork gallery. A ‘fairphone’ which aims to source all of its required minerals ethically will be in the silver gallery.Within the past few weeks, any attempt to use my laptop to watch streaming media generates buffering problems. This was never an issue previously. I have checked the download speed of my broadband supplier (Virgin) and it is showing 2.7Mbps, as opposed to the advertised up to 10. I have no idea whether this performance has recently dipped.
Is the buffering problem likely to derive from the download speed or could it be something more sinister which has attached itself to the laptop? I regularly run Spybot Search and Destroy, and no obvious issues have shown up.

The internet comes with no guarantees about performance, and a vast number of things can delay a streaming video. There can be problems with the hosting site, with any of the dozen or more hops that the data take on the way to your internet service provider (ISP), and with the traffic shaping system your ISP probably employs. When the stream reaches your house, there can be further problems with your broadband router, the connection to your computer, and the software and/or hardware of your PC. This can include problems with graphics drivers, anti-virus software (especially shields and live scanners, which you can turn off), firewalls and browser plug-ins. The buffer acts as a temporary store to smooth out any variations in the video stream. However, when the system breaks down, it’s hard to find the cause.It’s always a good idea to start with some PC hygiene, but Spybot Search & Destroy is not up to the job. Instead, download and run two free programs, CCleaner from Piriform, to clear your PC’s caches and cookies, and then Malwarebytes Anti-Malware using the Quick Scan. You can also check which version of Adobe Flash is installed in each browser (look for the Version information box on Adobe’s site), and if you think Flash might be the problem, go through Adobe’s troubleshooter.

When you’ve finished, reboot your PC and run either the Windows Task Manager or Sysinternals’ Process Explorer. The System Idle Process (which indicates that your PC is not doing anything) should be somewhere around 98%. Check also that you have some free memory and at least a gigabyte of free disk space. Windows works well when it has enough resources, but if it runs out of them – for example, if a runaway program is stealing 100% of the processor – then the performance plummets.The next problem is trying to find out if the buffering is being caused by your PC or your ISP. It’s easier to do this if you can compare two laptops and two ISPs. For example, try a different laptop with your Virgin connection. If videos play properly, then it’s probably a problem with your PC. Take your laptop to a Wi-Fi hotspot or a friend’s house and watch a streaming video via a different broadband supplier. If videos play correctly on your laptop when you’re away from home, the problem could well be your router, or your ISP.Reboot your router by disconnecting the power cable, waiting for 30 seconds, then plugging it in again. If that doesn’t solve the problem, can you try a neighbour’s Virgin connection or a different router? If you’re using a Wi-Fi connection, try connecting your laptop to your router using a good quality Ethernet cable, or vice versa. (Cables work better than Wi-Fi, but there are plenty of bad cables around.) Is somebody else crippling your connection by running BitTorrent over your network?Your measured speed of 2.7Mbps is certainly enough to watch YouTube,

  1. http://www.blog-grossesse.com/dovendosi/
  2. http://blogs.elle.com.hk/dovendosi/
  3. http://www.zankyou.com/uk/b/goodbatterry

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